ᑕᓂᔅ ᐋᓚᓐ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᓄᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒍᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐃᑦᒪᓐᑕᓐᒥᒃ ᓯᑦᑎᒻᐱᕆ 30, 2023. ᐱᒃᓴᖅ ᑕᐅᓖᓐ ᕼᐅᑎᐳᕌᓐᑦ. © Darlene Hildebrandt
1960-ᒥ, ᑯᐃᑦᓯᓐ ᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐄᑕ ᔫᓯ, ᐆᓪᑦ ᑯᕉ , ᔫᑳᓐᒥ, ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᖅ ᒪᒃᐱᕌᖅ ᑖᒻᓇ ᐅᐃᑦᖁᐊᔅ ᓴᑖ ᐊᑎᖅ, “ᐅᑉᓗᖅ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᐊᑦ.” ᖁᓕᐊᕌ ᐅᑉᓗᒥ ᑕᒫᓐ ᑖᒻᓇ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ, ᐊᕙᔭᐃᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓅᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ. ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᖅ ᐃᓗᐊᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᐃᓪᕕᑦᒧᓐ: ᑭᓇ ᑐᒃᑐᔪᐊᑦ, ᑭᓇ ᓇᓂᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᒃᓴᖅᒥ, ᑭᓇ ᑐᖁᔪᐊᑦ, ᑭᓇ ᓄᑕᕋᕌᓗᒃᑐᐊᑦ, ᑭᓇ ᑲᑎᑎᒃᑐᐊᑦ, ᑕᒫᓐ ᐃᓅᓯᖅ ᐃᓅᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃᒥ. ᐅᖃᖅᑎ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᓱᒪ ᑖᒻᓇ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᖅ ᐋᓰᓐ ᐊᓪᓚᐅᔪᐊᖅᓇᐃᑐᑦ ᖁᓕᐊᑦ. ᐅᖃᖅᑏᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔪᐊᑦ ᐃᓕᑉᑯᓐ ᓂᐹ, ᐋᓰᓐ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ, “ᐅᑉᓗᖅ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᐊᑦ.” ᓱᓕ ᐄᑕ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᓇᐃᑐᖅ ᐃᓕᓴᕐᕕᒃᒥ, ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒧᓐ. ᓇᑰᔪᑦ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᓕᓯᒪᔪᐊᖅ ᐊᖕᒋᔪᑦ ᒪᒃᐱᕌᑦ ᓴᕚᑦ. ᐅᖃᖅᑐᐊᑦᒧᓐ, ᓄᓇᕈᐊᖅᑳᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᐃᓱᒪ ᓄᑖᖅ, ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒃᑐᖅᓗ, ᐃᓱᒪᓗ.
ᐊᓈᓇᖕᒪ ᐃᓚᓐᓇᖅ, ᔫᓯ ᐃᑎᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᓚᑦᑲ ᐃᓄᕕᒃᒥ ᐊᓱᓗ ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᐊᑦ. ᐅᕙᖕᒐ ᐃᓄᕕᐊᓗᐃᑦᓗ ᑯᐃᑦᓯᓐᓗ, ᐃᓚᑦᑲ ᐃᓄᕕᒃ, ᓄᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᒥ. ᐊᓱᓗ ᒥᑭᔪᒃ ᖁᓕᐊᕌ, ᐊᑑᓇᒡᓚᒑ, ᐊᓱᓗ ᐱᒃᓴᖅ, ᓴᕙᒃᒥ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᒥ ᑕᐃᒍᒑ ᐃᓱᒪᒧᓐ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖅᓗ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᒻ, ᒪᓕᕈᑕᒃᓴᖅ, ᐃᓱᒪ, ᖃᐃᑕ ᐃᓱᒪᒧᓐ ᐅᕙᒍᑦᒧᓐ ᓱᓕ ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦᒧᓐ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᒪᓕᕈᑕᒃᓴᑦ. ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᓇᑰᔪᑦ ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐋᓰᓐ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᓕᑕᖅᓗ. ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᑕᒫᓐ ᐃᓱᒪ ᒪᓕᕈᑕᒃᓴᑦᒧᓐ. ᑭᖕᒍᕙᑎᒍᓐ ᓄᓪᓚᐅᓯᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᑖᒻᓇ ᐃᓚᑦᑲ, ᓄᓇᒥ, ᐃᓅᒻ ᐃᓅᓯᖅ, ᐃᖕᒋᓪᕌᓂᑕᒃ, ᒪᓕᕈᑕᒃᓴᖅ ᖁᓕᐊᑦ, ᐱᑦcᕼᐃᕆᐊᖅᑐᑦ, ᐃᓕᓯᒪᔪᐊᑦᓗ, ᐃᓱᒪᓗ. ᑐᓵᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᓚᒃᑲᒧᓐ ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᓇᓂᕆᐊᖅᑐᕐᕕᒃᓗ ᕿᒻᒥᑦᓗ. ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦᒧᓐ, ᐹᒑᓇᐃᒋᑐᑦ ᐅᕙᖕᒐ, ᐊᓱᓗ ᑕᒪᐃᑕ ᐃᓚᒃᑲ. ᖁᓕᐊᖅᓇᐃᒃᑐᖕᒐ, ᐃᓕᔪᐊᒥ ᐅᕙᖕᒐ ᐃᓚᑦᑲ, ᓱᓕ ᓇᑰᔪᑦ ᓇᓂᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅ, ᐊᓱᓗ ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᒃᓴᖅᒥ. ᐅᕙᖕᒐᒧᓐ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᖕᒐ ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᐊᑦ. ᖁᓕᐊᖅᓇᐃᒃᑐᖕᒐ ᐅᕙᖕᒐ ᐃᓅᓯᖅᒧᓐ ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᐊᑦ.
ᐋᑉᐸᒃᒪ ᐊᑖᑕᒃ ᐊᑎᖅ ᐋᓕᓐ ᐅᒃᐱᒃ. ᐅᒃᐱᒃᓗ ᓄᓕᐊᖅᓗ ᐊᐃᓖᓐ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᓚᔅᑲ-ᒥ, ᑭᓗᓐᒧᓐ ᑐᒃᑐ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓇᒃᑐᕗᒃ ᐹᔅ-ᒥ. ᑕᐃᒪᐅᖕᒐ 1800-ᒥ, ᑐᒃᑐ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᐊᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᐅᔪᐊᖅᓗ ᐋᓰᓐ ᐊᖕᒋᔪᖅ ᐸᔭᓪᕋᔭᐅᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᐊᓚᔅᑲ ᓄᓇᒥ. ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑦ ᓂᕿᔪᐊᑦ ᐊᕿᔾᒋᖅ, ᐅᑲᓕᑦᓗ, ᐃᖃᓗᒃᓗ. ᒥᑭᔪᒥᒃ ᓂᕿ ᑕᒫᓐ ᐃᓅᒻᓗ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒃᑐᑦ ᐃᓚᑦᑲᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᒻ ᑕᕆᐅᖅᒧᓐ ᐃᓱᒪ ᐅᖅᑭᑐᐊᖅ ᑕᔾᕙᐃᓇᖅ ᓂᕿ ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᓄᑖᖅ ᑕᓂᑦ. ᐊᒡᓛᓐ, ᑕᕆᐅᖅᒧᓐ ᖃᐃᔪᐊᑦ, ᑕᓂᑦ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᓂᕿ ᐆᒪᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᓕᐅᓐ. ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒃᑐᑦ ᐃᓅᒻ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᐊᑦ, ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᓇᔫᑎᔪᐊᑦ, ᓱᓕ ᐱᓱᒃᑐᑦ ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᐅᐊᑖᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒧᓐ. ᑐᓵᔪᐊᑦ ᓇᓂᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᓄᓇᒥ, ᓇᑰᔪᑦ ᓂᕐᔪᑦ ᑭᕝᒐᓗᒃᓗ ᑎᕆᒐᓐᓂᐊᑦᓗ. ᖃᐃᔪᐊᑦ, ᓇᓂᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᓄᓇ ᒪcᒃeᓐzᐃe deᓪᑕ-ᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᖅᒥᓗ. ᓯᕕᑭᑦᑐᖅᒥ, ᐋᓕᓐ ᐅᒃᐱᒃ, ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᐃᕐᓂᑦ, ᒪᓂᒃᐸᖅ ᑖᒻᓇ ᓇᓂᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᐋᓰᓐ ᓂᐅᕕᒑ ᐅᒥᐊᖅ, ᑖᒻᓇ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐳᓘᓅᔅ. ᐅᒃᐱᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᐊᖅ ᐊᓚᔅᑲ-ᒧᓐ ᐊᓱᓗ ᐃᑦᖁᑎᔮ ᒪᓪᕈᒃ ᓄᑲᑦ, ᐊᖕᒋᒃ ᕈᐱᓐ, ᐊᓱᓗ ᒑᕆᑦ ᓄᑎᒃ, ᐃᓅᔪᐊᑦ ᑖᒻᓇ ᑕᕆᐅᖅᒥ. ᖃᕐᕆᓯᒑᐃᑦ ᓄᑖᖅ ᓄᓇ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ. ᐊᖕᒋᔪᑦ ᒪᑲᓐᓯ ᑎᐊᓪᑕ ᐃᓄᕕᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᑦ ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅ ᐃᓚᑦᑲᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᐊᑖᓂ.
ᓯᕕᑐᔪᒥᒃ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖁᓕᐊᖅ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᑦ ᑖᒻᓇ ᑕᓂᑦ. ᐊᒡᓛᓐ ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒃᑐᑦ ᒪᒃᐱᕋᖅ, ᐱᒃᓴᑦᓗ ᒪᒃᐱᕌᑦᓗ ᐊᕝᕙᑯᔮ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐃᓱᒪ. ᑐᑦᖄᓇᐃᑦᑐᖅ ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᑲᑎᑕᐃᑦ ᑕᒫᓐ ᓇᑰᔪᖅ ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖕᒋᓪᕋᓐ ᐃᓅᓯᖅ ᑖᒻᓇ ᐊᒡᓚᐅᑏᑦ ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᐃᑐᑦ, ᒪᓕᕈᑕᒃᓴᖅ, ᐊᓱᓗ ᐃᓅᓯᖅᓗ. ᐅᑭᐅᖅᒥ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒃᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒡᓚᐅᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂ ᐊᖕᒋᔪᒃ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᑦ ᑲᑎᓂᖅ ᐊᑎᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᑦ, ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓈᓐᓂ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ. ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖕᒐ ᐃᓅᒧᓐ ᑖᒻᓇ ᐃᓗᐊᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᖅ ᐱᓕᐅᓐ ᓂᑉᐱᒧᓐ, ᐊᓱᓗ ᐃᓱᒪ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᔪᐊᖅ ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖅ.
ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᔭᖅ ᓴᖕᒋᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ ᐃᓱᒪ ᑖᒻᓇ ᐊᕝᕙᑯᔮ, ᓄᓇ, ᓂᕐᔪᑦ, ᐃᓚᑦᑲᓗ, ᐃᓅᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃᓗ. ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ, ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᑯᓇᐃᑐᒍᑦ, ᐃᓅᒻ ᑐᖁᓂᐊᖅᑐᐊᑦ. ᑲᒪᒋᕈᕗᑦ ᐃᓱᒪ ᓄᓇ, ᓇᖕᒋᓇᐃᑐᐊᑦ. ᑲᒪᒋᕈᕗᑦ ᐃᓱᒪ ᓂᕐᔪᑦ, ᑕᐃᒫᒑ. ᑲᒪᒋᕈᕗᑦ ᐃᓱᒪ ᐃᓚᑦᑲᓗ, ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᐊᕙᔭᐃᑦᓇᐃᖅᑐᒍᑦ. ᑲᒪᒋᕈᕗᑦ ᐃᓅᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ, ᐋᓰᓐ ᑲᒪᒋᓇᐃᑐᒍᑦ. ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᐃᓱᒪ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ. ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᐃᓱᒪ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᑦᑕ ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᐃᓄᒃ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᒍᑦ, ᐱᓱᒃᑐᐊᑦ ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᐃᓱᒪ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᒍᑦ ᓱᓕ. ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᐃᓱᒪ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒪᓕᕈᑕᒃᓴᖅ ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑖᓗ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᓗᑎᓐ ᐊᓱᓗ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐃᓅᒧᓐ. ᐊᒡᓚᒡᓗᑎᓐ ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᐃᓱᒪ, ᐅᖃᖅᓗ, ᑲᒪᒋᓗ ᐃᓅᓯᖅᓗ. ᓱᓇ ᐃᓗᐊᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᐅᕙᖕᒐᒧᓐ? ᓲᖅ ᐅᕙᖕᒐ ᐃᓄᒃ? ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᖕᒐ ᕿᐅᔪᐊᖅ ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᐊᐱᖅᓯᒑ. ᐃᑦᖃᖅᓴᐅᑎᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᔫᓯ ᖁᓕᐊᖅᑐᐊᖅ, ᐊᓱᓗ ᐃᓅᒻ ᐃᑦᖃᖅᑐᐊᑦ. ᐊᒡᓛᓐ ᔾoᓯe ᑲᒪᒋᓇᐃᑐᖅ ᑕᑉᑯᐊ ᐃᓅᒻ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ ᑖᒻᓇ ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᖅ, ᐅᖃᐅᑦcᕼᐃᑦ, ᐊᓱᓗ, ᐃᓅᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃᓗ. ᐊᒡᓚᒡᑐᐊᖅ ᐃᓅᒻ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ. ᐅᕙᖕᒐ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒃ.
ᑕᓂᔅ ᐋᓚᓐ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᓄᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒍᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐃᑦᒪᓐᑕᓐᒥᒃ ᓯᑦᑎᒻᐱᕆ 30, 2023. ᐱᒃᓴᖅ ᑕᐅᓖᓐ ᕼᐅᑎᐳᕌᓐᑦ. © Darlene Hildebrandt
